Pdf or denotes a file in adobes portable document format. Dioscorea in kew science plants of the world online. Dioscorea species definition of dioscorea species by the. The plants database includes the following 30 species of dioscorea. Dioscorea species, popularly known as yam worldwide and as ban aalu in. The genus dioscorea dioscoreaceae contains several economically important species for human consumption, medical and pharmaceutical uses.
All species are easy to grow from seeds, bulbils little tubers, tubers, or cuttings. As a result, the relationships between cultivated yams and their wild relatives are not well understood and this negatively affects the understanding of the evolution of cultivated yams. Dioscorea in world checklist of selected plant families. Characterization and genetic diversity of dioscorea. Dioscorea definition of dioscorea by the free dictionary.
While wsi was similar for all species, sp is dependent on the temperature with values of. In this study, anfis was used to simulate the moisture ratio drying characteristics of yam dioscorea rotundata slices in a hot air convective dryer. The plant list includes a further 316 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus dioscorea. Dear friend, in 2019 we had 158,286 unique visitors to our website, each of whom read an average of six pages per visit. In this study, we employed hts on yam to determine whether any undiscovered viruses were present that would. Dioscorea oppositifolia is a fast growing twining vine that has escaped from cultivation. Anthracnose disease is a major constraint to the production of yam dioscorea spp. Complete plastomes of 14 african yam species were reconstructed from whole genome sequencing. Dioscorea batatas is a perennial growing to 3 m 9ft by 1.
By far the most common is dioscorea opposita, for which the rhizome tuber is used. The 1980 list was based upon the work of the regional committee in southeast asia and its descriptor numbers are given in parentheses beside the present. Production of yam seed tubers using vine cuttings and in vitro micropropagation is quick, costeffective, and results in clean planting material. This new propagation system for yam developed by iita uses vine. The full diversity of viruses infecting yam, however, remains to be explored. Dioscorea villosa, the species common in north carolina, is a perennial vine that grows in moist thickets and hedges. The plant list includes 1,192 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus dioscorea.
Molecular identification of colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Thus, although dioscorea was introduced by the thomsonian school in medicine, it became a favorite in the eclectic school, where for decades it has found a cordial reception. Effect of the acetylation process on native starches of yam dioscorea spp the ds corresponded to the average number of acetyl groups introduced per unit of anhydrous glucose whose molecular weight was equal to 162 units equation 2. Tuber development, storage and germination in yams dioscorea spp. We do not intend the plant list to be complete for names of infraspecific rank.
Leaf necrosis and stem dieback lead to a reduction in the effective photosynthetic surface area of the crop, and epidemics that commence prior to or during. The dioscorea genus contains more than 600 species, 14 of which have edible tubers. Dioscorea sansibarensis pax section macroura, zanzibar yam. Analysis of biochemical composition of yams dioscorea spp. Dioscorea is a genus of over 600 species of flowering plants in the family dioscoreaceae, native throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Dioscorea species can grow rapidly once established, up to 6 inches per day, so are heavy feeders. There are several herbs derived from species of dioscorea used in chinese herb formulas, though only two are used with some frequency. To study the leaf epidermis of wild and micropropagated dioscorea bulbifera linn. These are primarily included because names of species rank are. Five5 towns, kana,kofa gwari, laminga, garaku and kokona in keffi local government area, nasarawa state, nigeria were.
Proceeding of the 3rd research planning conference on rootknot nematodes, meloidogyne spp. Dioscorea synonyms, dioscorea pronunciation, dioscorea translation, english dictionary definition of dioscorea. Dioscorea bulbifera is a highly invasive plant and presents a management problem in many parts of the world. It is grown for their edible tubers, though it has smaller tubers than the more. Dioscorea species, popularly known as yam worldwide and as ban aalu in odisha, india, is a prime staple medicinalfood substitute for the majority of rural and tribal people of the state of india. It is native to africa, asia and northern australia. Physicochemical, functional, and macromolecular properties.
The organisms which cause soft rot of yams dioscorea spp. Dioscorea species, popularly known as yam worldwide and as ban aalu in odisha. Of the dioscorea species available in sbr, 10 species are known to be bitter in taste and unpalatable when taken raw. Fungi associated with soft rot of yams dioscorea spp. Tuber physiology in yams dioscorea spp and its agricultural implications i.
A manufacturing process was described in which cut up and ground rhizomes are combined with an eluant e. In florida, herbarium records now reported for naturalized populations in 7 counties. Highthroughput sequencing hts methods are increasingly being used in the discovery of new plant viral genomes. Effect of the acetylation process on native starches of. Dioscorea alata is a dioecious species with a ploidy level ranging. Dioscorea species synonyms, dioscorea species pronunciation, dioscorea species translation, english dictionary definition of dioscorea species. Although more than six hundred species of the tuber exist, only a few are important as staple food in the tropics. Escambia, gadsden, leon, levy, charlotte, lee, and dade wunderlin et al. To produce yams for eating or marketing, most farmers in the pacific plant yam setts that weigh 100 to 600 g or more. Onwueme department of plant science university of ife, nigeria abstract the various physiological characteristics of the yam tuber are examined in detail under four general headings. Yam is the common name applied to plants of about 500 species of the genus dioscorea of the dioscoreaceae family.
It can survive in a number of different habitats and environmental conditions, but is most commonly found at the edges of rich, mesic bottomland forests, along stream banks and drainageways and near fencerows. Oluoha u, ugochukwu en 1995 comparison of structure and kinetic mechanism of phosphorylase forms isolated from water yam dioscorea alata and white yam dioscorea rotundata tubers. Final report of the amended safety assessment of dioscorea. Abstract the genus dioscorea dioscoreaceae contains several economically important species for human consumption, medical and. These are dioscorea alata, dioscorea bulbifera, dioscorea pentaphylla, dioscorea puber. Nwauzor ec, fawole b 1981 root knot nematodes on yams dioscorea spp. To date, several viruses of different genera have been reported to infect yam dioscorea spp. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Among available dioscorea species, four species are major as per consumption rate fjg.
It is named after the ancient greek physician and botanist dioscorides. It is widely cultivated and has become naturalized in many regions latin america, the west indies, the southeastern united states, and various oceanic islands. The dioscorea spp examined included dioscorea rotundata white yam, d. Final report of the amended safety assessment of dioscorea villosa wild yam root extract. Dioscorea esculenta, commonly known as the lesser yam, is a yam species native to island southeast asia and introduced to near oceania and east africa by early austronesian voyagers. Storage rot of some yams dioscorea spp in keffi and. A study was carried out on the storage rot of yams dioscorea spp in keffi and environs, nasarawa state. The vast majority of the species are tropical, with only a few species extending into temperate climates.
However, yam is susceptible to a range of serious and debilitating diseases including viruses. Vifh symposium of the international society for tropical root crops, gosier guadeloupe, 16 july 1985, ed. Other terms for yam are true yams, greater yam, tropical yam, and name. The fungi enter through wounds and natural openings on the surface of the tubers. Plant in fertile, welldrained soil, in full sun or partial shade. Physicochemical, functional, and macromolecular properties of waxy yam starches discovered from mapuey dioscorea trifida genotypes in the venezuelan amazon. Phytochemistry and therapeutic potential of medicinal. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles.
The common name for the genus, yams, will be used when discussing information applicable to 2 or more of the above species. Dioscoreaceae, a major food plant of the sakai tribe at banthad range, peninsular thailand katesarin maneenoon, puangpen sirirugsa and kitichate sridith research abstract. Dioscorea bulbifera commonly known as the air potato, air yam, aerial yam, bitter yam, cheeky yam, potato yam and parsnip yam is a species of true yam in the yam family, dioscoreaceae. No authors listed dioscorea villosa wild yam root extract is an extract of the rhizomes of the wild yam, d. Minimizing postharvest losses in yam dioscorea spp. This is in the yam family, and the herb is sometimes simply referred to as. Drying characteristics of yam slices dioscorea rotundata. They are mostly grown for their starchy tubers both. The phylogeny of this genus is not yet fully resolved. Key access and utilization descriptors for yam genetic resources corporate author. Its growing in shade near a small river in central american rain forest. Dioscorea yams genus dioscorea plant genus a genus of plants dioscoreaceae, family dioscoreaceae, yam family yams yam plant, yam any of a. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Moisture ratio was specifically selected because it forms the background on which other drying characteristics including drying rate, effective diffusivity, and activation energy amongst others are based. The palatability of dioscorea alata is high due to less bitterness. Tuber development, storage and germination in yams. The board of trustees of the royal botanic gardens, kew. The species is dioecious individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required. This means that they must set aside 10 to 30% of their yam harvest for planting material. Dioscorea alata water yam dioscorea altissima dunguey. Plants free fulltext molecular characterization of a. Lloyd investigated the dioscorea subject, and found that the variety of the vine yielding the drug originally em. Dioscorea used in chinese medicine with the example of.